English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Protein-coding genes in organellar genomes have been widely used to resolve relationships of chlorophyte algae. The mode of evolution of these protein-coding genes affects relationship estimations, yet selection effects on genes commonly used as markers in phylogenetic analyses are insufficiently well understood. To gain more understanding about the effects of green algal organelle protein-coding genes on phylogenies, more information is needed about the mode of gene evolution. We used phylogenetic frameworks to examine evolutionary relationships of 58 protein-coding genes present in the organellar genomes of chlorophyte and streptophyte algae at multiple levels: organelle, biological function, and individual gene, and calculated pairwise dN/dS ratios of algal organellar protein-coding genes to investigate mode of evolution. Results indicate that mitochondrial genes have evolved at a higher rate than have chloroplast genes. Low dN/dS ratios indicating relatively high level of conservation indicate that  nad 2,  nad 5,  atp A,  atp E,  psb C, and  psb D might be particularly good candidates for use as markers in chlorophyte phylogenies. Chlorophycean  atp 6,  nad 2,  atp F,  clp P,  rps 2,  rps 3,  rps 4, and  rps 7 protein-coding sequences exhibited selective mutations, suggesting that changes in proteins encoded by these genes might have increased fitness in Chlorophyceae.

Evolution of organellar genes of chlorophyte algae: Relevance to phylogenetic inference