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Submicroscopic  Plasmodium  infections are common in malaria endemic countries, but very little studies have been done in Senegal. This study investigates the genetic diversity and complexity of submicroscopic  P .  falciparum  infections among febrile patients in low transmission areas in Senegal.    Materials and methods  Hundred and fifty blood samples were collected from febrile individuals living in Dielmo and Ndiop (Senegal) between August 2014 and January 2015, tested for microscopic and sub-microscopic  P .  falciparum  infections and characterized for their genetic diversity and complexity of infections using  msp-1  and  msp-2  genotyping.    Results  Submicroscopic  P .  falciparum  infections were 19.6% and 25% in Dielmo and Ndiop, respectively. K1 and 3D7 were the predominant  msp-1  and  msp-2  allelic types with respective frequencies of 67.36% and 67.10% in microscopic isolates and 58.24% and 78% in submicroscopic ones. Frequencies of  msp-1  allelic types were statistically comparable between the studied groups (p>0.05), and were respectively 93.54% vs 87.5% for K1, 60% vs 54.83% for MAD20 and 41.93% vs 22.5% for RO33 while frequencies of  msp-2  allelic types were significantly highest in the microscopy group for FC27 (41.93% vs 10%, Fisher’s Exact Test, p = 0.001) and 3D7 (61.29% vs 32.5%, Fisher’s Exact Test, p = 0.02). Multiplicities of infection were lowest in submicroscopic  P .  falciparum  isolates.    Conclusions  The study revealed a high submicroscopic  P .  falciparum  carriage among patients in the study areas, and that submicroscopic  P .  falciparum  isolates had a lower genetic diversity and complexity of malaria infections.

Low genetic diversity and complexity of submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum infections among febrile patients in low transmission areas in Senegal