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Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia (MMPH) is a rare pulmonary disease, generally manifesting as a tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), characterised by multiple, small ground-glass nodular shadows on chest computed tomography (CT). Histological examination typically reveals multicentric, well-demarcated, nodular type II pneumocystic growth. Herein, we describe three cases of this rare pulmonary disease occurring within one family. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and direct DNA sequencing, we identified a novel germline mutation, a point mutation in  TSC1  intron 5, which yielded a splice variant and loss of function of  TSC1 . Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining indicated the expression of phospho-p70S6K and phospho-4E-BP1, suggesting that  TSC1  function was impaired by the novel gene mutation in MMPH cells.

Familial multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia with a novel splicing mutation in TSC1: Three cases in one family