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Objective  The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of  Neisseria meningitidis ,  Haemophilus influenzae ,  Streptococcus pneumoniae , group A  Streptococcus  (GAS), and  Staphylococcus aureus  in asymptomatic elderly people and to unravel risk factors leading to colonization.    Methods  A multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted including 677 asymptomatic adults aged 65 years or more, living at home or in nursing homes. Study areas were Greater Aachen (North-Rhine-Westphalia) and Wuerzburg (Bavaria), both regions with medium to high population density. Nasal and oropharyngeal swabs as well as questionnaires were collected from October 2012 to May 2013. Statistical analysis included multiple logistic regression models.    Results  The carriage rate was 1.9% ([95%CI: 1.0–3.3%]; 13/677) for  H .  influenzae , 0.3% ([95%CI: 0–1.1%]; 2/677) for  N .  meningitidis  and 0% ([95% CI: 0–0.5%]; 0/677) for  S .  pneumoniae  and GAS.  Staphylococcus aureus  was harboured by 28.5% of the individuals ([95% CI: 25.1–32.1%]; 193/677) and 0.7% ([95% CI: 0.2–1.7%]; 5/677) were positive for methicillin-resistant  S .  aureus . Among elderly community-dwellers colonization with  S .  aureus  was significantly associated with higher educational level (adjusted OR: 1.905 [95% CI: 1.248–2.908];  p  = 0.003). Among nursing home residents colonization was associated with being married (adjusted OR: 3.367 [1.502–7.546];  p  = 0.003).    Conclusion  The prevalence of  N .  meningitidis ,  H .  influenzae ,  S .  pneumoniae  and GAS was low among older people in Germany. The  S .  aureus  rate was expectedly high, while MRSA was found in less than 1% of the individuals.

plos one

Asymptomatic carriage of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus among adults aged 65 years and older