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The circadian clock regulates numerous biological processes in plants, especially development and stress responses.  CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1  ( CCA1 ) is one of the core components of the day–night rhythm response and is reportedly associated with ambient temperature in  Arabidopsis thaliana . However, it remains unknown if alternative splicing of  ZmCCA1  is modulated by external stress in maize, such as drought stress and photoperiod. Here, we identified three  ZmCCA1  splice variants in the tropical maize line CML288, which are predicted to encode three different protein isoforms, i.e., ZmCCA1.1, ZmCCA1.2, and ZmCCA1.3, which all retain the MYB domain. In maize, the expression levels of  ZmCCA1  splice variants were influenced by photoperiod, tissue type, and drought stress. In transgenic  A .  thaliana ,  ZmCCA1 . 1  may be more effective than  ZmCCA1 . 3  in increasing drought tolerance while  ZmCCA1 . 2  may have only a small effect on tolerance to drought stress. Additionally, although  CCA1  genes have been found in many plant species, alternative  CCA1  splicing events are known to occur in species-specific ways. Our study provides new sight to explore the function of  ZmCCA1  splice variants’ response to abiotic stress, and clarify the linkage between circadian clock and environmental stress in maize.

Alternative splicing of ZmCCA1 mediates drought response in tropical maize