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Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, the space fillers or molecular shields, are the hydrophilic protective proteins which play an important role during plant development and abiotic stress. The systematic survey and characterization revealed a total of 68 LEA genes, belonging to 8 families in  Sorghum bicolor . The LEA-2, a typical hydrophobic family is the most abundant family. All of them are evenly distributed on all 10 chromosomes and chromosomes 1, 2, and 3 appear to be the hot spots. Majority of the  S .  bicolor  LEA ( SbLEA ) genes are intron less or have fewer introns. A total of 22 paralogous events were observed and majority of them appear to be segmental duplications. Segmental duplication played an important role in  SbLEA-2  family expansion. A total of 12 orthologs were observed with  Arabidopsis  and 13 with  Oryza sativa . Majority of them are basic in nature, and targeted by chloroplast subcellular localization. Fifteen miRNAs targeted to 25  SbLEAs  appear to participate in development, as well as in abiotic stress tolerance. Promoter analysis revealed the presence of abiotic stress-responsive DRE, MYB, MYC, and GT1, biotic stress-responsive W-Box, hormone-responsive ABA, ERE, and TGA, and development-responsive SKn  cis -elements. This reveals that LEA proteins play a vital role during stress tolerance and developmental processes. Using microarray data, 65  SbLEA  genes were analyzed in different tissues (roots, pith, rind, internode, shoot, and leaf) which show clear tissue specific expression. qRT-PCR analysis of 23  SbLEA  genes revealed their abundant expression in various tissues like roots, stems and leaves. Higher expression was noticed in stems compared to roots and leaves. Majority of the  SbLEA  family members were up-regulated at least in one tissue under different stress conditions. The  SbLEA3-2  is the regulator, which showed abundant expression under diverse stress conditions. Present study provides new insights into the formation of LEAs in  S .  bicolor  and to understand their role in developmental processes under stress conditions, which may be a valuable source for future research.

plos one

Genome-scale identification, classification, and tissue specific expression analysis of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) genes under abiotic stress conditions in Sorghum bicolor L.