English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Calcium (Ca 2+ ) is an important ion in physiology and is found both outside and inside cells. The intracellular concentration of Ca 2+  is tightly regulated as it is an intracellular signal molecule and can affect a variety of cellular processes. In immune cells Ca 2+  has been shown to regulate e.g. gene transcription, cytokine secretion, proliferation and migration. Ca 2+  can enter the cytoplasm either from intracellular stores or from outside the cells when Ca 2+  permeable ion channels in the plasma membrane open. The Ca 2+  release-activated (CRAC) channel is the most prominent Ca 2+  ion channel in the plasma membrane. It is formed by ORAI1-3 and the channel is opened by the endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+  sensor proteins stromal interaction molecules (STIM) 1 and 2. Another group of Ca 2+  channels in the plasma membrane are the voltage-gated Ca 2+  (Ca V ) channels. We examined if a change in immunological tolerance is accompanied by altered ORAI, STIM and Ca V  gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in pregnant women and in type 1 diabetic individuals. Our results show that in pregnancy and type 1 diabetes ORAI1-3 are up-regulated whereas STIM1 and 2 are down-regulated in pregnancy but only STIM2 in type 1 diabetes. Expression of L-, P/Q-, R- and T-type voltage-gated Ca 2+  channels was detected in the PBMCs where the Ca V 2.3 gene was up-regulated in pregnancy and type 1 diabetes whereas the Ca V  2.1 and Ca V 3.2 genes were up-regulated only in pregnancy and the Ca V 1.3 gene in type 1 diabetes. The results are consistent with that expression of ORAI, STIM and Ca V  genes correlate with a shift in immunological status of the individual in health, as during pregnancy, and in the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes. Whether the changes are in general protective or in type 1 diabetes include some pathogenic components remains to be clarified.

plos one

Expression of calcium release-activated and voltage-gated calcium channels genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is altered in pregnancy and in type 1 diabetes