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Gut microbiota has been demonstrated to be involved in intestinal nutrition, defense, and immunity, as well as participating in disease progression. This study was to investigate gut microbiota changes in chickens challenged with  netB -positive  Clostridium perfringens  strain (CP1) and/or the predisposing  Eimeria  species ( Eimeria ) and fed diets with fishmeal supplementation. In addition, the effects of lauric acid, a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA), on necrotic enteritis (NE) reduction and modulation of microbiota were evaluated. The results demonstrated that microbial communities in the jejunum were distinct from those in the cecum, and the microbial community change was more significant in jejunum. Challenge of CP1 in conjunction with  Eimeria  significantly reduced species diversity in jejunal microbiota, but cecal microbiota remained stable. In the jejunum, CP1 challenge increased the abundance of the genera of  Clostridium sensu stricto 1 ,  Escherichia Shigella , and  Weissella , but significantly decreased the population of  Lactobacillus .  Eimeria  infection on its own was unable to promote NE, demonstrating decrements of  Clostridium sensu stricto 1  and  Lactobacillus . Co-infection with CP1 and  Eimeria  reproduced the majority of NE lesions with significant increment of C lostridium sensu stricto 1  and reduction in  Lactobacillus . The advance of changes on these two taxa increased the severity of NE lesions. Further analyses of metagenomeSeq, STAMP, and LEfSe consistently showed significant overgrowth of  Clostridium sensu stricto 1  was associated with NE. The supplementation of lauric acid did not reduce NE incidence and severity but decreased the relative abundance of  Escherichia Shigella . In conclusion, significant overgrowth of  C .  perfringens as well as other Clostridium  species in  Clostridium sensu stricto 1  with the decrement of  Lactobacillus  in the jejunum is the featured microbiota correlated with NE. Controlling proliferation of  Clostridium sensu stricto 1  and manipulation of  Lactobacillus  in the jejunum should be the strategy to prevent NE.

plos one

Analysis of gut microbiota and the effect of lauric acid against necrotic enteritis in Clostridium perfringens and Eimeria side-by-side challenge model