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The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) serves as a plant disease virulence factor for the fungi  Fusarium graminearum  and  F .  culmorum  during the development of Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease on wheat. A wheat cytochrome P450 gene from the subfamily CYP72A,  TaCYP72A , was cloned from wheat cultivar CM82036.  TaCYP72A  was located on chromosome 3A with homeologs present on 3B and 3D of the wheat genome. Using gene expression studies, we showed that  TaCYP72A  variants were activated in wheat spikelets as an early response to  F .  graminearum , and this activation was in response to the mycotoxic  Fusarium  virulence factor deoxynivalenol (DON). Virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) studies in wheat heads revealed that this gene family contributes to DON resistance. VIGS resulted in more DON-induced discoloration of spikelets, as compared to mock VIGS treatment. In addition to positively affecting DON resistance,  TaCYP72A  also had a positive effect on grain number. VIGS of  TaCYP72A  genes reduced grain number by more than 59%. Thus, we provide evidence that  TaCYP72A  contributes to host resistance to DON and conclude that this gene family warrants further assessment as positive contributors to both biotic stress resistance and grain development in wheat.

A wheat cytochrome P450 enhances both resistance to deoxynivalenol and grain yield