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Painting is an art form that has long functioned as a major channel for thecreative expression and communication of humans, its evolution taking placeunder an interplay with the science, technology, and social environments of thetimes. Therefore, understanding the process based on comprehensive data couldshed light on how humans acted and manifested creatively under changingconditions. Yet, there exist few systematic frameworks that characterize theprocess for painting, which would require robust statistical methods fordefining painting characteristics and identifying human's creativedevelopments, and data of high quality and sufficient quantity. Here we proposethat the color contrast of a painting image signifying the heterogeneity ininter-pixel chromatic distance can be a useful representation of its style,integrating both the color and geometry. From the color contrasts of paintingsfrom a large-scale, comprehensive archive of 179,853 high-quality imagesspanning several centuries we characterize the temporal evolutionary patternsof paintings, and present a deep study of an extraordinary expansion increative diversity and individuality that came to define the modern era.

Historic Emergence of Diversity in Painting: Heterogeneity in Chromatic Distance in Images and Characterization of Massive Painting Data Set