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Objective  To retrospectively identify epidemiological trends of infection on the ocular surface and investigate trends of resistance to bacterial antibiotics compared with 10-years previous for  Staphylococcus aureus , coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), and  Corynebacterium  in Japan.    Materials and methods  Bacterial isolate samples were collected from the conjunctival sacs of eyes afflicted with conjunctivitis, keratitis, dacryocystitis, and hordeolum from September 2004 through November 2005 (n = 145 isolates) and September 2014 through November 2015 (n = 195 isolates) at the Baptist Eye Institute, Kyoto, Japan. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant  S .  aureus  (MRSA), methicillin-resistant CNS (MR-CNS), and fluoroquinolone-resistant  Corynebacterium  were examined, and susceptibility of isolated bacteria to levofloxacin (LVFX), cefmenoxime (CMX), chloramphenicol (CP), erythromycin (EM), vancomycin (VCM), and arbekacin (ABK) were compared between both time periods using the disc susceptibility method.    Results  Over the 10-year period from initial to final examination, the prevalence of MRSA and MR-CNS significantly decreased from 52% to 22% ( P  < 0.05) and from 47% to 25% ( P  < 0.05), respectively, yet there was no change in the prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant  Corynebacterium  (60% and 54%;  P  = 0.38). Antibiotic-resistance trend analysis revealed that susceptibility to antibiotics in 2014–2015 was similar to that in 2004–2005. MRSA and MR-CNS were susceptible to CP (88%), VCM (100%), and ABK (100%), while fluoroquinolone-resistant  Corynebacterium  was susceptible to CMX (100%), VCM (100%), and ABK (96%).    Conclusion  The prevalence of MRSA and MR-CNS significantly decreased between the two time periods, yet more than 50% of the  Corynebacterium  isolates were still resistant to LVFX. Although no increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics was found, a cautionary use of fluoroquinolone eye drops should be considered.

plos one

The trend of resistance to antibiotics for ocular infection of Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and Corynebacterium compared with 10-years previous: A retrospective observational study