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Background  Anticoagulant therapy is recommended in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) but remains underused. The proper use of anticoagulants has been encouraged in guidelines frequently published over the past two decades.    Materials and methods  In this study, we used insurance claims data collected from 2005 to 2014 to investigate the prevalence and incidence of non-valvular AF (NVAF) patients aged 20 to 74 years standardized to the Japanese population in 2012 and subdivided by stroke prevention drug type. We estimated the frequency of coagulation monitoring in patients with incident NVAF undergoing warfarin therapy in 2011 and later.    Results  From 2005 to 2014, the standardized prevalence of NVAF increased from 117/100,000 to 278/100,000 and the proportion of anticoagulant users increased from 38.4% to 58.0%, while that of antiplatelet monotherapy decreased from 32.3% to 12.0%. The standardized incidence of NVAF was stable at ~40/100,000 patient-years. The proportion of those patients who started anticoagulant soon after the initial diagnosis increased from 19.9% to 49.1% from 2006 to 2013. Among patients who started warfarin, switchers to DOAC had more frequent coagulation monitoring than non-switchers.    Conclusion  The use of anticoagulant therapy has gradually increased in patients with NVAF in Japan during the study period from 2005 to 2014.

The use of anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation between 2005 and 2014: A drug utilization study using claims data in Japan