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In this research, a strain with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of hairtail ( Trichiurus haumela ) and identified as  Bacillus siamensis  JFL15 through morphological, 16S rRNA, and average nucleotide identity analyses. The genome of  B .  siamensis  JFL15 was sequenced, and three gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of surfactin ( srf ), bacillibactin ( dhb ), and fengycin ( fen ) were predicted through antiSMASH analysis. The combined genomics-metabolics profiling of the strain revealed 20 active compounds, which belong to four main types of cyclic lipopeptides produced by  Bacillus  species: bacillibactin, iturin, fengycin, and surfactin. Among these lipopeptides, two high-purity antifungal components, namely, components b and c, were successfully identified as iturin A and bacillomycin F. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of iturin A for  Magnapothe grisea ,  Rhizoctorzia solani , and  Colletotrichum gloeosporioides  were 125.00, 62.50, and 125.00 μg/ml, respectively, whereas the MICs of bacillomycin F for these three organisms were 62.50, 31.25, and 62.50 μg/ml, respectively. The mechanism of bacillomycin F and iturin A against  M .  grisea  was also investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the surface of the hypha treated with iturin A or bacillomycin F became sunk, lumpy, and wrinkled. The diversity of the identified and predicted compounds from  B .  siamensis  JFL15 suggested that this strain might be a promising biocontrol agent for an effective and environmentally friendly control of pathogenic microorganisms. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to describe cyclic lipopeptides purified and identified from  B .  siamensis .

Genomics-guided discovery and structure identification of cyclic lipopeptides from the Bacillus siamensis JFL15