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Given that Chinese materia medica (CMM) is expensive and rare, people take tremendous risk to adulterate and falsify  Cordyceps sinensis  with counterfeit species with similar morphological features. It is thus essential to develop new methods to identify the authenticity of  Cordyceps sinensis . It is hypothesized in this study that  Cordyceps sinensis  possesses certain protein biomarkers distinct from its counterfeits, which can be identified by proteomic technologies for authentication purposes. This is the first study that aims to optimize the conditions for extracting proteins from  Cordyceps sinensis , a hybrid of fungal-animal CMM, and to compare the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) profiles between different  Cordyceps  species. Two different protein extraction buffer systems, namely, phenol/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) buffer or lysis buffer, were evaluated, where the preparation using lysis buffer yielded better protein content. The results also showed that extraction with lysis buffer without pre- or post-washing of samples was the most effective protocol, with over 220% of protein yield and 819 protein spots detected on a 2-DE gel. Moreover, the results demonstrated that  Cordyceps sinensis  possesses protein biomarkers distinct from its counterfeits, and these biomarkers are not source- or origin-dependent, strongly supporting the feasibility of using identified biomarkers as indicators for authentication of  Cordyceps  species. The findings of this study warrant further investigations on the structural identification of protein biomarkers of  Cordyceps  species.

plos one

Optimization of protein extraction and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profiles for the identification of Cordyceps sinensis and other similar species