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Climate change is driving emergence and establishment of  Ixodes scapularis , the main vector of Lyme disease in Québec, Canada. As for the black-legged tick,  I .  scapularis  Say, global warming may also favor northward expansion of other species of medically important ticks. The aims of this study were to determine (1) current diversity and abundance of ticks of public health significance other than  I .  scapularis , (2) sex and age of the human population bitten by these ticks (3), and the seasonal and geographic pattern of their occurrence. From 2007 to 2015, twelve tick species other than  I .  scapularis  were submitted in the Québec passive tick surveillance program. Of these 9243 ticks, 91.2% were  Ixodes cookei , 4.1% were  Dermacentor variabilis , 4.0% were  Rhipicephalus sanguineus  and 0.7% were  Amblyomma americanum . The combined annual proportion of submitted  I .  cookei ,  D .  variabilis ,  R .  sanguineus  and  A .  americanum  ticks in passive surveillance rose from 6.1% in 2007 to 16.0% in 2015 and an annual growing trend was observed for each tick species. The number of municipalities where  I .  cookei  ticks were acquired rose from 104 to 197 during the same period. Of the 862 people bitten by these ticks, 43.3% were  I .  cookei  ticks removed from children aged < 10 years. These findings demonstrate the need for surveillance of all the tick species of medical importance in Québec, particularly because climate may increase their abundance and geographic ranges, increasing the risk to the public of the diseases they transmit.

Evidence for increasing densities and geographic ranges of tick species of public health significance other than Ixodes scapularis in Québec, Canada