English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Purpose  Lung cancer is the deadliest known cancer in the world, with the highest number of mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the status of hotspot regions in  DDR2  and  KRAS  genes for the first time, as well as in  TP53  gene, in lung cancer patients within the Iranian population.    Experimental design  The mutations in exon 2 of  KRAS , exon 18 of  DDR2 , and exons 5–6 of  TP53  genes were screened in lung cancer samples, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) using PCR and sequencing techniques.    Results  Analysis of the  KRAS  gene showed only a  G12C  variation in one large cell carcinoma (LCC) patient, whereas variants were not found in adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases. The  Q808H  variation in the  DDR2  gene was detected in one SCC sample, while no variant was seen in the ADC and LCC subtypes. Variations in the  TP53  gene were seen in all NSCLC subtypes, including six ADC (13.63%), seven SCC (15.9%) and two LCC (4.54%). Forty-eight variants were found in the  TP53  gene. Of these, 15 variants were found in coding regions  V147A ,  V157F ,  Q167Q ,  D186G ,  H193R ,  T211T ,  F212L  and  P222P , 33 variants in intronic regions rs1625895 (HGVS:  c . 672+62A>G ), rs766856111 (HGVS:  c . 672+6G>A ) and two new variants ( c . 560-12A>G  and  c . 672+86T>C ).    Conclusions  In conclusion,  KRAS ,  DDR2 , and  TP53  variants were detected in 2%, 2.17% and 79.54% of all cases, respectively. The frequency of  DDR2  mutation is nearly close to other studies, while  KRAS  and  TP53  mutation frequencies are lower and higher than other populations, respectively. Three new putative pathogenic variants, for the first time, have been detected in Iranian patients with lung cancer, including  Q808H  in  DDR2 ,  F212L , and  D186G  in coding regions of  TP53 . In addition, we observed five novel benign variants, including  Q167Q ,  P222P  and  T211T  in coding sequence, and  c . 560-12A>G  and  c . 672+86T>C , in intronic region of  TP53 . Mutations of  KRAS  and  DDR2  were found in LCC and SCC subtypes, respectively, whereas mutations of  TP53  were seen in SCC and ADC subtypes with higher frequencies and LCC subtype with lower frequency. Therefore, Iranian lung cancer patients can benefit from mutational analysis before starting the conventional treatment. A better understanding of the biology of these genes and their mutations will be critical for developing future targeted therapies.

Distribution of KRAS, DDR2, and TP53 gene mutations in lung cancer: An analysis of Iranian patients