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A new species belonging to the toxin producing diatom genus  Pseudo-nitzschia ,  P .  hallegraeffii  sp. nov., is delineated and described from the East Australian Current (EAC). Clonal cultures were established by single cell isolation from phytoplankton net hauls collected as part of a research expedition in the EAC region in 2016 on the  RV Investigator . Cultures were assessed for their morphological and genetic characteristics, their sexual compatibility with other  Pseudo-nitzschia  species, and their ability to produce domoic acid. Light and transmission electron microscopy revealed cells which differed from their closest relatives by their cell width, rows of poroids, girdle band structure and density of band straie. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequencing of nuclear-encoded ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) regions showed this novel genotype clustered within the  P .  delicatissima  complex, but formed a discrete clade from its closest relatives  P .  dolorosa ,  P .  simulans ,  P .  micropora  and  P .  delicatissima . Complementary base changes (CBCs) were observed in the secondary structure of the 3’ nuclear ribosomal transcribed spacer sequence region (ITS2) between  P .  hallegraeffii  sp. nov. and its closest related taxa,  P .  simulans  and  P .  dolorosa . Under laboratory conditions, and in the absence of any zooplankton cues, strains of  P .  hallegraeffii  sp. nov. did not produce domoic acid (DA) and were not sexually compatible with any other  Pseudo-nitzschia  clones tested. A total of 18  Pseudo-nitzschia  species, including three confirmed toxigenic species ( P .  cuspidata ,  P .  multistriata  and  P .  australis ) have now been unequivocally confirmed from eastern Australia.

A new diatom species P. hallegraeffii sp. nov. belonging to the toxic genus Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) from the East Australian Current