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Three iridoids (lamalbid ( I1 ), sesamoside ( I2 ) and shanzhiside methyl ester ( I3 )) and seven polyphenols (cistanoside F ( P1 ), chlorogenic acid ( P2 ), pedalitin-6- O -laminaribioside ( P3 ), pedaliin ( P4 ), isoacteoside ( P6 ), pedalitin ( P7 ) and martynoside ( P8 )) were identified in young sesame leaves ( Sesamum indicum  L.) other than the acteoside ( P5 ) reported previously.  P3  was a new compound, and  I1 ,  I3 ,  P2  and  P8  were found in a species of  Sesamum  for the first time. HPLC analyses revealed that the compounds  I1  (0.29–1.75% of dry leaves),  I2  (0.38–0.87%),  I3  (0.04–1.07%),  P4  (0.01–2.05%) and  P5  (0.13–4.86%) were present primarily in young sesame leaves and were found in plants cultivated on different farms (plant height, 30–70 cm). Of the identified compounds,  P5  and  P6  showed high 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and  in vitro  antiglycation activities. Given its content,  P5  makes a major contribution to the biological activities of young sesame leaves. The compounds were examined at six different growth stages of plants cultured in a greenhouse to determine the optimum harvest stage and for end-use assessment.  P5  accumulated in the leaves during growth, and the content reached a maximum of 12.9% of dry leaves in the 4th stage (plant height, 74.5±9.7 cm), which is one of the highest percentages reported in plants from nature.

plos one

Chemical characterization and biological activity in young sesame leaves (Sesamum indicum L.) and changes in iridoid and polyphenol content at different growth stages