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Curcuma longa  possesses powerful antifungal activity, as demonstrated in many studies. In this study, the antifungal spectrum of  Curcuma longa  alcohol extract was determined, and the resulting EC50 values (mg/mL) of its extract on eleven fungi, including  Fusarium graminearum ,  Fusarium chlamydosporum ,  Alternaria alternate ,  Fusarium tricinctum ,  Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ,  Botrytis cinerea ,  Fusarium culmorum ,  Rhizopus oryzae ,  Cladosporium cladosporioides ,  Fusarium oxysporum  and  Colletotrichum higginsianum , were 0.1088, 0.1742, 0.1888, 0.2547, 0.3135, 0.3825, 0.4229, 1.2086, 4.5176, 3.8833 and 5.0183, respectively. Among them,  F .  graminearum  was selected to determine the inhibitory effects of the compounds (including curdione, isocurcumenol, curcumenol, curzerene, β-elemene, curcumin, germacrone and curcumol) derived from  Curcuma longa . In addition, the antifungal activities of curdione, curcumenol, curzerene, curcumol and isocurcumenol and the synergies of the complexes of curdione and seven other chemicals were investigated. Differential proteomics of  F .  graminearum  was also compared, and at least 2021 reproducible protein spots were identified. Among these spots, 46 were classified as differentially expressed proteins, and these proteins are involved in energy metabolism, tRNA synthesis and glucose metabolism. Furthermore, several fungal physiological differences were also analysed. The antifungal effect included fungal cell membrane disruption and inhibition of ergosterol synthesis, respiration, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and NADH oxidase.

Antifungal activity, main active components and mechanism of Curcuma longa extract against Fusarium graminearum