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The present study was aimed to develop an effective probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from piglet feces and  in vitro  characterization of probiotic properties. To confirm host-species specificity of probiotics, the efficacy of isolated LAB on growth, nutrient utilization, health and antioxidant status was observed in early weaned piglets. A total of 30 LAB were isolated from feces of five healthy piglets (28d old). All isolates were Gram positive, cocco-bacilli and catalase negative. Out of thirty LAB isolates, twenty were shortlisted on the basis of their tolerance to pH (3.0, 4.0, 7.0 and 8.0) and bile salts (0.075, 0.15, 0.3 and 1.0%). Whereas, fourteen isolates were selected for further  in vitro  probiotic characterization due higher (P<0.05) cell surface hydrophobicity to toluene (>45 percent). These isolates fermented twenty-seven different carbohydrates but were negative for ONPG, citrate and malonate. Also enabled to synthesize amylase, protease, lipase and phytase. They were sensitive to penicillin, azithromycin, lincomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, cephalothin and chloramphenicol and resistant to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, vancomycin and co-trimoxazole. Except three isolates, all showed antagonistic activity (>60% co-culture activity) against  Escherichia coli ,  Salmonella  Enteritidis,  Salmonella  serotype (ser.) Typhimurium,  Staphylococcus intermedius ,  Staph .  chromogenes ,  Proteus mirabillis ,  Areomonas veonii ,  Bordetella bronchioseptica  and  Klebsialla oxytoca . The isolate Lacp28 exhibited highest tolerance to acidic  p H and bile salts (up to 0.3%), phytase activity, cell surface hydrophobicity, antagonistic activity and co-culture assay (>80% growth inhibition). Host specificity of Lacp28 was further confirmed by heavy  in vitro  adhesion to pig intestinal epithelium cells compared to chicken. Hence, Lacp28 was selected and identified by phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA as  Pediococcus acidilactici  strain FT28 with 100% similarity (GenBank accession nos. KU837245, KU837246 and KU837247). The  Pediococcus acidilactici  FT28 was selected as potential probiotic candidature for  in vivo  efficacy in weaned pigs. Thirty-six crossbred piglets (28d) were randomly distributed into three groups (four replicates of three each) namely, basal diet without probiotics (T0) or with  Lactobacillus acidophilus  NCDC15 (conventional dairy-specific probiotic; T1) or  Pediococcus acidilactici  FT28 (swine-specific probiotic; T2). At end of the experiment, six piglets of similar body weight were selected to conduct digestion trial for estimation of nutrient digestibility. Results of the study indicated that supplementation of both probiotics improved (P<0.001) FCR compared to control without significant effect in average daily gain and DM intake. However, the apparent digestibility of crude protein and ether extract was better (P<0.01) in pigs fed  P .  acidilactici  FT28 compared control and  L .  acidophilus  fed groups. The total WBC and RBC count, serum glucose, total protein, albumin and globulin concentration was higher (P<0.05) in  P .  acidilactici  FT28 fed group with better (P<0.05) catalase and superoxide dismutase activity measured in erythrocyte. It is concluded that species-specific  Pediococcus acidilactici  FT28 isolated with potential  in vitro  probiotic properties and also hold probiotic candidature by showing the potential capabilities with higher nutrient digestibility, heamato-biochemical and antioxidant status compared to control and  Lactobacillus acidophilus  NCDC15.

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Selection and characterization of probiotic lactic acid bacteria and its impact on growth, nutrient digestibility, health and antioxidant status in weaned piglets