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The wall teichoic acid (WTA) is the major carbohydrate found within the extracellular matrix of the  Listeria monocytogenes  biofilm. We first addressed the frequency of spontaneous mutations in two genes ( lmo2549  and  lmo2550 ) responsible for the GlcNAcylation in 93 serotype 1/2a strains that were mainly isolated from seafood industries. We studied the impact of mutations in  lmo2549  or  lmo2550  genes on biofilm formation by using one mutant carrying a natural mutation inactivating the  lmo2550  gene (DSS 1130 BFA2 strain) and two EGD-e mutants that lack respective genes by in-frame deletion of  lmo2549  or  lmo2550  using splicing-by-overlap-extension PCR, followed by allelic exchange mutagenesis. The  lmo2550  gene mutation, occurring in around 50% isolates, caused a decrease in bacterial adhesion to stainless steel compared to wild-type EGD-e strain during the adhesion step. On the other hand, bacterial population weren’t significantly different after 24h-biofilm formation. The biofilm architecture was different between the wild-type strain and the two mutants inactivated for  lmo2549  or  lmo2550  genes respectively with the presence of bacterial micro-colonies for mutants which were not observed in the wild-type EGD-e strain biofilm. These differences might account for the stronger hydrophilic surface exhibited by the mutant cells. Upon a water flow or to a cleaning procedure at a shear stress of 0.16 Pa, the mutant biofilms showed the higher detachment rate compared to wild-type strain. Meanwhile, an increase in the amount of residual viable but non-culturable population on stainless steel was recorded in two mutants. Our data suggests that the GlcNAc residue of WTA played a role in adhesion and biofilm formation of  Listeria monocyctogenes .

plos one

The absence of N-acetylglucosamine in wall teichoic acids of Listeria monocytogenes modifies biofilm architecture and tolerance to rinsing and cleaning procedures