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Naivasha thorn tree,  Acacia xanthophloea , is grown for foliage, timber, shade and rehabilitation of soils in areas with high water tables in Kenya. Its production is threatened by insect pests, which cause major losses. Very little is documented on wood-boring beetles which cause considerable economic damage to lumber used in a variety of applications, and little is known about their natural enemies in Kenya. We conducted the study to evaluate the occurrence of wood-boring beetles on  A .  xanthophloea  in two different regions of Kenya. Infested wood samples of  A .  xanthophloea  with fresh exit holes were collected from three sites in Kenyatta University (KU), Nairobi and Mitaboni in Machakos, Kenya. The samples were placed in clear plastic buckets and kept at ambient temperatures 23±2°C, 65±10% relative humidity and 12L: 12D in a laboratory where they were observed daily for adult emergence. Adult beetles were collected every three days for identification and data recording. The experiment was replicated four times and data collected twice a week for 6 months. Data on abundance was subjected to analysis of variance using SAS software. A total of 5,850 and 4,691 beetles were collected where 2,187 and 3,097 were Bostrichidae, accounting for 37% and 66% in KU and Mitaboni, respectively. A total of 12 bostrichid species was identified, including  Sinoxylon ruficorne ,  S .  doliolum ,  Xylion adustus ,  Xyloperthodes nitidipennis ,  Xyloperthella picea ,  Xylopsocus castanoptera ,  Lyctus brunneus ,  Heterbostrychus brunneus ,  Xylopsocus  sp., and  Dinoderus gabonicus . The most abundant species in KU was  Xylion adustus  with 1,915 beetles accounting for 88.4%, and  Sinoxylon ruficorne  in Mitaboni with 1,050 beetles accounting for 33.9% of the total.  Sinoxylon ruficorne  was only recorded in Mitaboni while only 2 specimens of  D .  gabonicus  were found in KU. The mean number of exit holes on  A .  xanthophloea  differed significantly between sites, which corresponded approximately to the amount of economic damage caused by the beetles to the structural integrity of the lumber. In addition, a number of predators in the family Cerambycidae, Cleridae, Histeridae and parasitoids from Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, and Chalcididae were recovered, suggesting a need to conduct further studies to document these species' diversity, parasitism rates and efficacy for possible biological control.

Wood-boring beetles associated with Acacia xanthophloea in Nairobi and Machakos Counties, Kenya