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Being determined by human social behaviour, pedestrian group dynamics dependson "intrinsic properties" of the group such as the purpose of the pedestrians,their personal relation, their gender, age, and body size. In this work wequantitatively study the dynamical properties of pedestrian dyads by analysinga large data set of automatically tracked pedestrian trajectories in anunconstrained "ecological" setting (a shopping mall), whose relational groupproperties have been coded by three different human observers. We observed thatfemales walk slower and closer than males, that workers walk faster, at alarger distance and more abreast than leisure oriented people, and that intergroup relation has a strong effect on group structure, with couples walkingvery close and abreast, colleagues walking at a larger distance, and friendswalking more abreast than family members. Pedestrian height (obtainedautomatically through our tracking system) influences velocity and abreastdistance, both growing functions of the average group height. Results regardingpedestrian age show as expected that elderly people walk slowly, while activeage adults walk at the maximum velocity. Groups with children have a strongtendency to walk in a non abreast formation, with a large distance (despite alow abreast distance). A cross-analysis of the interplay between theseintrinsic features, taking in account also the effect of extrinsic crowddensity, confirms these major effects but reveals also a richer structure. Aninteresting and unexpected result, for example, is that the velocity of groupswith children {\it increases} with density, at least in the low-medium densityrange found under normal conditions in shopping malls. Children also appear tobehave differently according to the gender of the parent.

Intrinsic group behaviour: dependence of pedestrian dyad dynamics on principal social and personal features