English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The recently emerged chytrid fungus  Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans  ( Bsal ) causes European salamander declines. Proper hygiene protocols including disinfection procedures are crucial to prevent disease transmission. Here, the efficacy of chemical disinfectants in killing  Bsal  was evaluated. At all tested conditions, Biocidal ® , Chloramine-T ® , Dettol medical ® , Disolol ® , ethanol, F10 ® , Hibiscrub ® , potassium permanganate, Safe4 ® , sodium hypochlorite, and Virkon S ® , were effective at killing  Bsal . Concentrations of 5% sodium chloride or lower, 0.01% peracetic acid and 0.001–1% copper sulphate were inactive against  Bsal . None of the conditions tested for hydrogen peroxide affected  Bsal  viability, while it did kill  Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis  ( Bd ). For  Bsal , enzymatic breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalases and specific morphological features (clustering of sporangia, development of new sporangia within the original sporangium), were identified as fungal factors altering susceptibility to several of the disinfectants tested. Based on the  in vitro  results we recommend 1% Virkon S ® , 4% sodium hypochlorite and 70% ethanol for disinfecting equipment in the field, lab or captive setting, with a minimal contact time of 5 minutes for 1% Virkon S ®  and 1 minute for the latter disinfectants. These conditions not only efficiently target  Bsal , but also  Bd  and  Ranavirus .

Efficacy of chemical disinfectants for the containment of the salamander chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans