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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal brain tumor in adults. It is known that amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene ( EGFR ) occurs in approximately 40% of GBM, leading to enhanced activation of the EGFR signaling pathway and promoting tumor growth. Although GBM mutations are stably maintained in GBM  in vitro  models, rapid loss of  EGFR  gene amplification is a common observation during cell culture. To maintain  EGFR  amplification  in vitro , heterotopic GBM xenografts with elevated  EGFR  copy number were cultured under varying serum conditions and EGF concentrations.  EGFR  copy numbers were assessed over several passages by quantitative PCR and chromogenic  in situ  hybridization. As expected, in control assays with 10% FCS, cells lost  EGFR  amplification with increasing passage numbers. However, cells cultured under serum free conditions stably maintained elevated copy numbers. Furthermore, EGFR protein expression positively correlated with genomic amplification levels. Although elevated  EGFR  copy numbers could be maintained over several passages  in vitro , levels of  EGFR  amplification were variable and dependent on the EGF concentration in the medium.  In vitro  cultures of GBM cells with elevated  EGFR  copy number and corresponding EGFR protein expression should prove valuable preclinical tools to gain a better understanding of  EGFR  driven glioblastoma and assist in the development of new improved therapies.

Amplification of the EGFR gene can be maintained and modulated by variation of EGF concentrations in in vitro models of glioblastoma multiforme