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The  Arabidopsis thaliana  F-box gene  HAWAIIAN SKIRT  ( HWS ) affects organ growth and the timing of floral organ abscission. The loss-of-function  hws-1  mutant exhibits fused sepals and increased organ size. To understand the molecular mechanisms of  HWS  during plant development, we mutagenized  hws-1  seeds with ethylmethylsulphonate (EMS) and screened for mutations suppressing  hws-1  associated phenotypes. We isolated the  shs1/hws-1  (  s   uppressor of    h   w   s   -1 ) mutant in which  hws-1  sepal fusion phenotype was suppressed. The  shs1/hws-1  mutant carries a G→A nucleotide substitution in the  MIR164  binding site of  CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 1  ( CUC1 ) mRNA.  CUC1  and  CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 2  ( CUC2 ) transcript levels were altered in  shs1 , renamed  cuc1-1D , and in  hws-1  mutant. Genetic interaction analyses using single, double and triple mutants of  cuc1-1D ,  cuc2-1D  (a  CUC2  mutant similar to  cuc1-1D ), and  hws-1 , demonstrate that  HWS ,  CUC1  and  CUC2  act together to control floral organ number. Loss of function of  HWS  is associated with larger petal size due to alterations in cell proliferation and mitotic growth, a role shared with the  CUC1  gene.

HAWAIIAN SKIRT controls size and floral organ number by modulating CUC1 and CUC2 expression