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Carcasses of wild animals are often visited by different scavengers. However, determining which scavenger caused certain types of bite marks is particularly difficult and knowledge thereof is lacking. Therefore, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay (target sequence  cytochrome b ) was developed to detect red fox DNA in carcasses of harbour porpoises. The MSwab ™  method for direct testing without prior DNA isolation was validated. As a detection device, the portable real-time fluorometer Genie ®  II was used, which yields rapid results and can be used in field studies without huge laboratory equipment. In addition to  in vitro  evaluation and validation, a stranded and scavenged harbour porpoise carcass was successfully examined for red fox DNA residues. The developed LAMP method is a valuable diagnostic tool for confirming presumable red fox bite wounds in harbour porpoises without further DNA isolation steps.

plos one

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay—A rapid detection tool for identifying red fox (Vulpes vulpes) DNA in the carcasses of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena)