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Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein 120 has been shown to activate microglia, causing release of inflammatory and toxic factors. The P2X 7  receptor, primarily expressed on microglia, is closely associated with inflammation. Naringin, a plant bioflavonoid, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. We hypothesized that P2X 7  receptor mediated gp120-induced injury in primary cultured microglia, and that naringin would have a protective effect. We showed that HIV-1 gp120 peptide (V3 loop, fragment 308–331) appeared to induce apoptosis of primary cultured microglia. However, there was a decrease of microglia apoptosis in gp120+naringin group compared with gp120 group. Using qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence, we showed that gp120 stimulated expression of P2X 7  mRNA and receptor protein, and this stimulation was inhibited by naringin. Treatment with gp120 increased concentrations of eATP, TNFα and IL-1β, and these effects were inhibited by naringin. Taken together, these results suggested that gp120 contributed to microglial cell injury and neurotoxic activity by up-regulating expression of P2X 7 , in a naringin-protective manner.

Effect of naringin on gp120-induced injury mediated by P2X7 receptors in rat primary cultured microglia