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Dog Erythrocyte Antigens (DEA)  have thus far been found by sensitizing dogs with canine allogeneic blood and are clinically important regarding blood transfusion incompatibilities, but remain poorly defined. The goals of this study were to discover and characterize two  DEAs , named as  Kai 1  and  Kai 2 . The monoclonal antibodies were produced by mouse hybridoma techniques and examined by ELISA isotyping, immunoblotting, and affinity chromatography. Canine blood samples were typed and the development of alloantibodies was examined in transfused dogs. The monoclonal  Kai 1  and  Kai 2  antibodies were isotyped as IgM kappa and IgG3 lamda, respectively, and identified two different erythrocyte membrane proteins of 200 kDa and 80 kDa in molecular weights, respectively. Either  Kai 1  or  Kai 2  can be expressed but not both in an individual dog. There were no naturally occurring anti- Kai 1  or  Kai 2  alloantibodies. In addition,  Kai 1-  and/or  Kai 2-  dogs developed  Kai 1  and  Kai 2  alloantibodies, respectively, when transfused with mismatched blood. This is the first discovery of canine blood types by screening monoclonal antibodies.  Kai 1  and  Kai 2  are novel blood types which can induce anti- Kai 1  or anti- Kai 2  alloantibodies when  Kai 1-  and/or  Kai 2-  dogs are transfused with  Kai 1+  or  Kai 2+  blood. These canine blood types may explain some of the blood incompatibilities and transfusion reactions observed in dogs in clinical practice.

Kai 1 and Kai 2: Characterization of these dog erythrocyte antigens by monoclonal antibodies