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Transgenic poplar lines ‘Shanxin’ ( Populus davidiana × Populus bolleana ) were generated via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgenic lines carried the expression cassettes of  Cry1Ac  +  SCK ,  Cry1Ah3 , and  Cry9Aa3 , respectively. The expression levels of the exogenous insect resistance genes in the transgenic lines were determined by Q-PCR and Western blot. Leaves of the transgenic lines were used for insect feeding bioassays on first instar larvae of the gypsy moth ( Lymantria dispar ) and fall webworm ( Hyphantria cunea ). At 5 d of feeding, the mean mortalities of larvae feeding on  Cry1Ac  +  SCK  and  Cry1Ah3  transgenic poplars leaves were 97% and 91%, while mortality on  Cry9Aa3  transgenic lines was about 49%. All gypsy moth and fall webworm larvae were killed in 7–9 days after feeding on leaves from  Cry1Ac  +  SCK  or  Cry1Ah3  transgenic poplars, while all the fall webworm larvae were killed in 11 days and about 80% of gypsy moth larvae were dead in 14 days after feeding on those from  Cry9Aa3  transgenic lines. It was concluded that the transgenic lines of  Cry1Ac  +  SCK  and  Cry1Ah3  were highly toxic to larvae of both insect species while lines with  Cry9Aa3  had lower toxicity,and  H .  cunea  larvae are more sensitive to the insecticidal proteins compared to  L .  dispar . Transgenic poplar lines toxic to  L .  dispar  and  H .  cunea  could be used to provide Lepidoptera pest resistance to selected strains of poplar trees.

plos one

Laboratory evaluation of transgenic Populus davidiana×Populus bolleana expressing Cry1Ac + SCK, Cry1Ah3, and Cry9Aa3 genes against gypsy moth and fall webworm