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Iron is an important nutrient for the survival and growth of many organisms. In order to survive, iron uptake from the environment must be strictly regulated and maintained to avoid iron toxicity. The ferric uptake regulator protein (Fur) regulates genes involved in iron homeostasis in many bacteria, including phytopathogens. However, to date, the role played by Fur in the biology of  Pectobacterium carotovorum  subsp.  brasiliense  ( Pcb1692 ), an important pathogen of potatoes, has not yet been studied. To this end, we used the lambda recombineering method to generate a  fur  mutant strain of  Pcb1692  and assessed the virulence and fitness of the mutant strain. The results showed that production of siderophores in  Pcb 1692Δ fur  increased compared to the  Pcb1692  wild-type and the complemented strain  Pcb 1692Δ fur - pfur . However, production of N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHLs), biofilm formation, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, virulence on potato tubers and swimming motility, were all significantly decreased in  Pcb 1692Δ fur  compared to the wild-type and complemented  Pcb 1692Δ fur -p fur  strains. The  Pcb 1692Δ fur  mutant also demonstrated significant sensitivity to oxidative stress when exposed to H 2 O 2 . Consistent with phenotypic results, qRT-PCR results demonstrated that Fur down-regulates genes which encode proteins associated with: iron uptake (HasA-extracellular heme-binding protein and Ferrodoxin-AED-0004132), stress response (SodC-superoxide dismutase), plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PrtA and CelV) and motility (FlhC and MotA). We conclude that the ferric uptake regulator protein (Fur) of  Pcb1692  regulates traits that are important to host-pathogens interactions.

Influence of the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) protein on pathogenicity in Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense