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The calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) is a ser/thr protein kinase that plays vital roles in plant growth, development, and responses to multiple stresses. Despite an important member of the stress responsive gene family, little is known about the evolutionary history and expression patterns of  CDPK  genes in melon. Herein, a total of 18  CDPK  genes and 7 CDPK-related protein kinases ( CRK ) genes were identified in the melon genome via bioinformatic analysis, which were unevenly distributed across eleven chromosomes with an apparent exception for chromosome 3. Comparative syntenic analysis between  Cucumis melo  L. and  Arabidopsis thaliana  revealed that 13  CmCDPKs  and 19  AtCPKs  existed in 20 corresponding syntenic blocks. In addition, based on gene structure and phylogenetic analyses, all  CmCDPKs  were divided into four groups (CDPK I-IV) and  CmCRKs  clustered into one group (CRK I). Interestingly, group CDPK IV was clearly distinct from the other three CDPK groups, but clustered with CRK I on the phylogenetic tree, implying their origination from a common ancestor. Furthermore,  CmCDPK and  CmCRK  genes were differentially expressed in response to various stimuli, such as biotic stress ( Podosphaera xanthii ), abiotic stress (salt and cold), and hormone (abscisic acid) treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first report on  CDPK  and  CRK  gene families in melon, which provides a basic foundation for functional characterizations of  CmCDPK  and  CmCRK  genes in the future.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of calcium‑dependent protein kinase and its related kinase gene families in melon (Cucumis melo L.)