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Background  Skeletal myoblast transplantation seems a promising approach for the repair of myocardial infarction (MI). However, the low engraftment efficacy and impaired angiogenic ability limit the clinical efficiency of the myoblasts. Gene engineering with angiogenic growth factors promotes angiogenesis and enhances engraftment of transplanted skeletal myoblasts, leading to improved infarction recovery in myocardial ischemia. The present study evaluated the therapeutic effects of hepatocyte growth factor ( HGF ) gene-engineered skeletal myoblasts on tissue regeneration and restoration of heart function in a rat MI model.    Methods and results  The skeletal myoblasts were isolated, expanded, and transduced with adenovirus carrying the  HGF  gene (Ad-HGF). Male SD rats underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. After 2 weeks, the surviving rats were randomized into four groups and treated with skeletal myoblasts by direct injection into the myocardium. The survival and engraftment of skeletal myoblasts were determined by real-time PCR and  in situ  hybridization. The cardiac function with hemodynamic index and left ventricular architecture were monitored; The adenovirus-mediated- HGF  gene transfection increases the HGF expression and promotes the proliferation of skeletal myoblasts  in vitro . Transplantation of  HGF -engineered skeletal myoblasts results in reduced infarct size and collagen deposition, increased vessel density, and improved cardiac function in a rat MI model.  HGF  gene modification also increases the myocardial levels of HGF, VEGF, and Bcl-2 and enhances the survival and engraftment of skeletal myoblasts.    Conclusions   HGF  engineering improves the regenerative effect of skeletal myoblasts on MI by enhancing their survival and engraftment ability.

Transplantation of HGF gene-engineered skeletal myoblasts improve infarction recovery in a rat myocardial ischemia model