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The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of  Saccharomyces boulardii  ( Sb ) and  Bacillus subtilis  B10 ( Bs ) on intestinal epithelial Toll like receptors (TLR), and Cytokine expression response to understand the intestinal epithelial innate immune mechanism in broilers. A total of 300 birds (Sanhuang broilers) were allotted into three groups (n = 100) and each divided into five replications (n = 20). Control group (Ctr) birds were fed basal diet, broilers in experimental groups received (1×10 8 cfu/kg feed)  Sb  and  Bs  respectively in addition to basal diet for 72 days. The result showed significant increase in mRNA expression level of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR15. Down streaming MyD88, TRAF6, TAB2 and NF-κB mRNA level noted higher, in the jejunum and ileum as compared to control group. Meanwhile, IL-6, TNFα, IL-10, TGF-β expression levels showed high expression in the jejunum of  Sb  and  Bs  groups. IL-10 expression level increased in the ileum and IL-6, TNFα, IL-10 and TGF-β expression levels increased in the jejunum of  Sb  group. Levels of IL-1 β, IL-17, and IL-4, increased merely in  Sb  group. Ileal cytokines IL-1β, IL-17 and IL-4concentration were noted higher in  Sb  group, and IL-1β, and IL-4 levels were up-regulated in  Bs  group. The results indicated that the INF-γ and IL-8 level decreased in  Sb  and  BS  groups. Serum IgA and sIgA level increased in both treatment groups. Our findings illustrated that  S .  boulardii  and  B .  subtilis  B10 may have a role to induce mucosal immunity by activating the TLRs and cytokines expressions in broilers.

Saccharomyces boulardii and Bacillus subtilis B10 modulate TLRs and cytokines expression patterns in jejunum and ileum of broilers