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Background  New interventions for tuberculosis are urgently needed. Non-human primate (NHP) models provide the most relevant pre-clinical models of human disease and play a critical role in vaccine development. Models utilising Asian cynomolgus macaque populations are well established but the restricted genetic diversity of the Mauritian cynomolgus macaques may be of added value.    Methods  Mauritian cynomolgus macaques were exposed to a range of doses of  M .  tuberculosis  delivered by aerosol, and the outcome was assessed using clinical, imaging and pathology-based measures.    Results  All macaques developed characteristic clinical signs and disease features of tuberculosis (TB). Disease burden and the ability to control disease were dependent on exposure dose. Mauritian cynomolgus macaques showed less variation in pulmonary disease burden and total gross pathology scores within exposure dose groups than either Indian rhesus macaques or Chinese cynomolgus macaques    Conclusions  The genetic homogeneity of Mauritian cynomolgus macaques makes them a potentially useful model of human tuberculosis.

An aerosol challenge model of tuberculosis in Mauritian cynomolgus macaques