English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The growing interest in skin lightening has recently renewed attention on the esthetic applications of Chinese herbal medicine. Although  Scutellaria baicalensis  Georgi is used for antipyretic and antiinflammatory purposes, its whitening effect remains unclear. This study reports three major findings: (1)  S .  baicalensis  has a potent inhibitory effect on melanogenesis; (2) wogonin and its glycoside are the active components of  S .  baicalensis ; and (3)  O -methylated flavones from  S .  baicalensis , such as wogonin, inhibit intracellular melanosome transport. Using a melanin quantification assay, we showed that  S .  baicalensis  potently inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. Componential analyses revealed that the main components of  S .  baicalensis  are baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, wogonin, and oroxylin A. Among these five flavones, wogonin and wogonoside consistently inhibited melanogenesis in both B16F10 melanoma cells and primary melanocytes. Wogonin exhibited the strongest inhibition of melanin production and markedly lightened the color of skin equivalents. We identified microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and tyrosinase-related proteins as potential targets of wogonin- and wogonoside-induced melanogenesis suppression. In culture, we found that the melanosomes in wogonin-treated B16F10 cells were localized to the perinuclear region. Immunoblotting analyses revealed that wogonin significantly reduced in melanophilin protein, which is required for actin-based melanosome transport. Other actin-based melanosome transport-related molecules, i.e., Rab27A and myosin Va, were not affected by wogonin. Cotreatment with MG132 blocked the wogonin-induced decrease in melanophilin, suggesting that wogonin promotes the proteolytic degradation of melanophilin via the calpain/proteasomal pathway. We determined that the structural specificities of the mono- O -methyl group in the flavone A-ring and the aglycone form were responsible for reducing melanosome transport. Furthermore, wogonin and two wogonin analogs, mono- O -methyl flavones, strongly suppressed melanosome transport. Our findings suggest the applicability of  S .  baicalensis  in the esthetic field. Thus, we propose a novel pharmacologic approach for the treatment of hyperpigmentation.

plos one

Bifunctional effects of O-methylated flavones from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on melanocytes: Inhibition of melanin production and intracellular melanosome transport