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Puccinia horiana  Hennings, the causal agent of chrysanthemum white rust, is a worldwide quarantine organism and one of the most important fungal pathogens of  Chrysanthemum  ×  morifolium  cultivars, which are used for cut flowers and as potted plants in commercial production regions of the world. It was previously reported to be controlled by  Lecanicillium lecanii ,  Cladosporium sphaerospermum ,  C .  uredinicola  and  Aphanocladium album , due to their antagonistic and hyperparasitic effects. We report novel antagonist species on  Puccinia horiana . Fungi isolated from rust pustules in a commercial greenhouse from Villa Guerrero, México, were identified as  Cladosporium cladosporioides  and  Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides  based upon molecular analysis and morphological characters. The antagonism of  C .  cladosporioides  and  C .  pseudocladosporioides  on chrysanthemum white rust was studied using light and electron microscopy  in vitro  at the host/parasite interface.  Cladosporium cladosporioides  and  C .  pseudocladosporioides  grew towards the white rust teliospores and colonized the sporogenous cells, but no direct penetration of teliospores was observed; however, the structure and cytoplasm of teliospores were altered. The two  Cladosporium  spp. were able to grow on media containing laminarin, but not when chitin was used as the sole carbon source; these results suggest that they are able to produce glucanases. Results from the study indicate that both  Cladosporium  species had potential as biological control agents of chrysanthemum white rust.

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Cladosporium cladosporioides and Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides as potential new fungal antagonists of Puccinia horiana Henn., the causal agent of chrysanthemum white rust