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Forty strains of  Salmonella enterica  ( S .  enterica ) subspecies  salamae  (II),  arizonae  (IIIa),  diarizonae  (IIIb), and  houtenae  (IV) were isolated from human or environmental samples and tested for bacteriophage production. Production of bacteriophages was observed in 15  S .  enterica  strains (37.5%) belonging to either the subspecies  salamae  (8 strains) or  diarizonae  (7 strains). Activity of phages was tested against 52 pathogenic  S .  enterica  subsp.  enterica  isolates and showed that phages produced by subsp.  salamae  had broader activity against pathogenic salmonellae compared to phages from the subsp.  diarizonae . All 15 phages were analyzed using PCR amplification of phage-specific regions and 9 different amplification profiles were identified. Five phages (SEN1, SEN4, SEN5, SEN22, and SEN34) were completely sequenced and classified as temperate phages. Phages SEN4 and SEN5 were genetically identical, thus representing a single phage type (i.e. SEN4/5). SEN1 and SEN4/5 fit into the group of P2-like phages, while the SEN22 phage showed sequence relatedness to P22-like phages. Interestingly, while phage SEN34 was genetically distantly related to Lambda-like phages ( Siphoviridae ), it had the morphology of the  Myoviridae  family. Based on sequence analysis and electron microscopy, phages SEN1 and SEN4/5 were members of the  Myoviridae  family and phage SEN22 belonged to the  Podoviridae  family.

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Novel Temperate Phages of Salmonella enterica subsp. salamae and subsp. diarizonae and Their Activity against Pathogenic S. enterica subsp. enterica Isolates