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Objective  The capability of urinary TIMP-2 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase) and IGFBP7 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein)—NephroCheck Test (NC) = ([TIMP-2] x [IGFBP7]) / 1000)—to predict renal recovery from acute kidney injury (AKI) has been poorly studied. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of measurements of ([TIMP-2] x [IGFBP7]) / 1000) over 24 hours to differentiate transient from persistent AKI.    Methods  Of 460 consecutive adult patients admitted to the ICU, 101 were prospectively studied: 56 men, 62 (52–71) years old. A fresh urine sample was collected at H 0 , H 4 , H 12  and H 24  to determine ([TIMP-2] x [IGFBP7]) / 1000) levels. Areas under the curves of Delta NC H 4 -H o  and H 12 -H 4  and serum creatinine (sCr) for detection of AKI recovery were compared.    Results  Forty-one (40.6%) patient were diagnosed with AKI: 27 transient and 14 persistent AKI. At admission (H 0 ), AKI patients had a significantly higher NC score than patients without AKI (0.43 [0.07–2.06] vs 0.15 [0.07–0.35], p = 0.027). In AKI groups, transient AKI have a higher NC, at H 0  and H 4 , than persistent AKI (0.87 [0.09–2.82] vs 0.13 [0.05–0.66] p = 0.035 and 0.13 [0.07–0.61] vs 0.05 [0.02–0.13] p = 0.013). Thereafter, NC level decreased in both AKI groups with a Delta NC score H 4 -H 0  and H 12 -H 4  significantly more important in transient AKI. Roc curves showed however that delta NC scores did not discriminate between transient and persistent AKI.    Conclusion  In our population, absolute urinary levels of NC score were higher at early hours after ICU admission (H 0  and H 4 ) in transient AKI as compared to persistent AKI patients. NC variations (Delta NC scores) over the first 12 hours may indicate the AKI’s evolving nature with a more significant decrease in case of transient AKI but were not able to differentiate transient from persistent AKI.

Urinary Biomarkers IGFBP7 and TIMP-2 for the Diagnostic Assessment of Transient and Persistent Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients