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Background  Control and elimination of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) can be accelerated through the use of diagnostic tests that are more accurate and easier to deploy. The goal of this work was to evaluate the immuno-reactivity of antigens and identify candidates to be considered for development of a simple serological test for the detection of  Trypanosoma brucei gambiense  or  T .  b .  rhodesiense  infections, ideally both.    Methodology/Principal Findings  The reactivity of 35 antigens was independently evaluated by slot blot and ELISA against sera from both  T .  b .  gambiense  and  T .  b .  rhodesiense  infected patients and controls. The antigens that were most reactive by both tests to  T .  b .  gambiense  sera were the membrane proteins VSG LiTat 1.3, VSG LiTat 1.5 and ISG64. Reactivity to  T .  b .  rhodesiense  sera was highest with VSG LiTat 1.3, VSG LiTat 1.5 and SRA, although much lower than with  T .  b .  gambiense  samples. The reactivity of all possible combinations of antigens was also calculated. When the slot blot results of 2 antigens were paired, a VSG LiTat 1.3- ISG75 combination performed best on  T .  b .  gambiense  sera, while a VSG LiTat 1.3-VSG LiTat 1.5 combination was the most reactive using ELISA. A combination of SRA and either VSG LiTat 1.3 or VSG LiTat 1.5 had the highest reactivity on  T .  b .  rhodesiense  sera according to slot blot, while in ELISA, pairing SRA with either GM6 or VSG LiTat 1.3 yielded the best results.    Conclusions  This study identified antigens that were highly reactive to  T .  b .  gambiense  sera, which could be considered for developing a serological test for  gambiense  HAT, either individually or in combination. Antigens with potential for inclusion in a test for  T .  b .  rhodesiense  HAT were also identified, but because their reactivity was comparatively lower, a search for additional antigens would be required before developing a test for this form of the disease.

Evaluation of Antigens for Development of a Serological Test for Human African Trypanosomiasis