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We study the cohesion within and the coalitions between political groups inthe Eighth European Parliament (2014--2019) by analyzing two entirely differentaspects of the behavior of the Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) in thepolicy-making processes. On one hand, we analyze their co-voting patterns and,on the other, their retweeting behavior. We make use of two diverse datasets inthe analysis. The first one is the roll-call vote dataset, where cohesion isregarded as the tendency to co-vote within a group, and a coalition is formedwhen the members of several groups exhibit a high degree of co-voting agreementon a subject. The second dataset comes from Twitter; it captures the retweeting(i.e., endorsing) behavior of the MEPs and implies cohesion (retweets withinthe same group) and coalitions (retweets between groups) from a completelydifferent perspective.  We employ two different methodologies to analyze the cohesion and coalitions.The first one is based on Krippendorff's Alpha reliability, used to measure theagreement between raters in data-analysis scenarios, and the second one isbased on Exponential Random Graph Models, often used in social-networkanalysis. We give general insights into the cohesion of political groups in theEuropean Parliament, explore whether coalitions are formed in the same way fordifferent policy areas, and examine to what degree the retweeting behavior ofMEPs corresponds to their co-voting patterns. A novel and interesting aspect ofour work is the relationship between the co-voting and retweeting patterns.

Cohesion and Coalition Formation in the European Parliament: Roll-Call Votes and Twitter Activities