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Objectives  Compared with multirow detector CT (MDCT), specimen (ex vivo) micro-CT (μCT) has a significantly higher (~ 30 x) spatial resolution and is considered the gold standard for assessing bone above the cellular level. However, it is expensive and time-consuming, and when applied in vivo, the radiation dose accumulates considerably. The aim of this study was to examine whether the lower resolution of the widely used MDCT is sufficient to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate bone regeneration in rats.    Methods  Forty critical-size defects (5mm) were placed in the mandibular angle of rats and covered with coated bioactive titanium implants to promote bone healing. Five time points were selected (7, 14, 28, 56 and 112 days). μCT and MDCT were used to evaluate the defect region to determine the bone volume (BV), tissue mineral density (TMD) and bone mineral content (BMC).    Results  MDCT constantly achieved higher BV values than μCT (10.73±7.84 mm 3  vs. 6.62±4.96 mm 3 , p<0.0001) and consistently lower TMD values (547.68±163.83 mm 3  vs. 876.18±121.21 mm 3 , p<0.0001). No relevant difference was obtained for BMC (6.48±5.71 mm 3  vs. 6.15±5.21 mm 3 , p = 0.40). BV and BMC showed very strong correlations between both methods, whereas TMD was only moderately correlated (r = 0.87, r = 0.90, r = 0.68, p < 0.0001).    Conclusions  Due to partial volume effects, MDCT overestimated BV and underestimated TMD but accurately determined BMC, even in small volumes, compared with μCT. Therefore, if bone quantity is a sufficient end point, a considerable number of animals and costs can be saved, and compared with in vivo μCT, the required dose of radiation can be reduced.

Micro-CT vs. Whole Body Multirow Detector CT for Analysing Bone Regeneration in an Animal Model