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Different image techniques have been used to analyze mucociliary clearance (MCC) in humans, but current small animal MCC analysis using  in vivo  imaging has not been well defined. Bitter taste receptor (T2R) agonists increase ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and cause bronchodilation but their effects  in vivo  are not well understood. This work analyzes  in vivo  nasal and bronchial MCC in guinea pig animals using three dimension (3D) micro-CT-SPECT images and evaluates the effect of T2R agonists. Intranasal macroaggreggates of albumin-Technetium 99 metastable (MAA-Tc99 m ) and lung nebulized Tc99 m  albumin nanocolloids were used to analyze the effect of T2R agonists on nasal and bronchial MCC respectively, using 3D micro-CT-SPECT in guinea pig. MAA-Tc99 m  showed a nasal mucociliary transport rate of 0.36 mm/min that was increased in presence of T2R agonist to 0.66 mm/min. Tc99 m  albumin nanocolloids were homogeneously distributed in the lung of guinea pig and cleared with time-dependence through the bronchi and trachea of guinea pig. T2R agonist increased bronchial MCC of Tc99 m  albumin nanocolloids. T2R agonists increased CBF in human nasal ciliated cells  in vitro  and induced bronchodilation in human bronchi  ex vivo . In summary, T2R agonists increase MCC  in vivo  as assessed by 3D micro-CT-SPECT analysis.

Evaluation of Mucociliary Clearance by Three Dimension Micro-CT-SPECT in Guinea Pig: Role of Bitter Taste Agonists