English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Polymorphisms in toll-like receptor ( TLR ) and β-defensin ( DEFB ) genes have been recognized as potential genetic factors that can influence susceptibility to and severity of periodontal diseases (PD). However, data regarding associations between these polymorphisms and PD are still scarce in North American populations, and are not available in HIV+ North American populations. In this exploratory study, we analyzed samples from HIV+ adults (n = 115), who received primary HIV care at 3 local outpatient HIV clinics and were monitored for PD status. We genotyped a total of 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 8  TLR  genes and copy number variation (CNV) in  DEFB4 / 103A . We performed regression analyses for levels of 3 periodontopathogens in subgingival dental plaques ( Porphyromonas gingivalis  [ Pg ],  Treponema denticola  [ Td ], and  Tannerella forsythia  [ Tf ]) and 3 clinical measures of PD (periodontal probing depth [PPD], gingival recession [REC], and bleeding on probing [BOP]). In all subjects combined, 2 SNPs in  TLR1  were significantly associated with  Td , and one SNP in  TLR2  was significantly associated with BOP. One of the 2 SNPs in  TLR1  was significantly associated with  Td  in Caucasians. In addition, another SNP in  TLR1  and a SNP in  TLR6  were also significantly associated with  Td  and  Pg , respectively, in Caucasians. All 3 periodontopathogen levels were significantly associated with PPD and BOP, but none was associated with REC. Instrumental variable analysis showed that 8 SNPs in 6  TLR  genes were significantly associated with the 3 periodontopathogen levels. However, associations between the 3 periodontopathogen levels and PPD or BOP were not driven by associations with these identified SNPs. No association was found between  DEFB4 / 103A  CNV and any periodontopathogen level or clinical measure in all samples, Caucasians, or African Americans. Our exploratory study suggests a role of  TLR  polymorphisms, particularly  TLR1  and  TLR6  polymorphisms, in PD in HIV+ North Americans.

plos one

Associations of Toll-Like Receptor and β-Defensin Polymorphisms with Measures of Periodontal Disease (PD) in HIV+ North American Adults: An Exploratory Study