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Since the first description of a plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene ( mcr-1 ) in November 2015 multiple reports of  mcr-1  positive isolates indicate a worldwide spread of this newly discovered resistance gene in  Enterobacteriaceae . Although the occurrence of  mcr-1  positive isolates of livestock, food, environment and human origin is well documented only few systematic studies on the prevalence of  mcr-1  are available yet. Here, comprehensive data on the prevalence of  mcr-1  in German livestock and food isolates are presented. Over 10.600  E .  coli  isolates from the national monitoring on zoonotic agents from the years 2010–2015 were screened for phenotypic colistin resistance (MIC value >2 mg/l). Of those, 505 resistant isolates were screened with a newly developed TaqMan-based real-time PCR for the presence of the  mcr-1  gene. In total 402 isolates (79.8% of colistin resistant isolates) harboured the  mcr-1  gene. The prevalence was depending on the food production chain. The highest prevalence was detected in the turkey food chain (10.7%), followed by broilers (5.6%). A low prevalence was determined in pigs, veal calves and laying hens. The  mcr-1  was not detected in beef cattle, beef and dairy products in all years investigated. In conclusion, TaqMan based real-time PCR provides a fast and accurate tool for detection of  mcr-1  gene. The overall detection rate of 3.8% for  mcr -1 among all  E .  coli  isolates tested is due to high prevalence of  mcr-1  in poultry production chains. More epidemiological studies of other European countries are urgently needed to assess German prevalence data.

Prevalence of mcr-1 in E. coli from Livestock and Food in Germany, 2010–2015