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The role for royal jelly (RJ) in promoting caste differentiation of honeybee larvae into queens rather than workers is well characterized. A recent study demonstrated that this poorly understood complex nutrition drives strikingly similar phenotypic effects in  Drosophila melanogaster , such as increased body size and reduced developmental time, making possible the use of  D .  melanogaster  as a model system for the genetic analysis of the cellular mechanisms underlying RJ and caste differentiation. We demonstrate here that RJ increases the body size of some wild-type strains of  D .  melanogaster  but not others, and report significant delays in developmental time in all flies reared on RJ. These findings suggest that cryptic genetic variation may be a factor in the  D .  melanogaster  response to RJ, and should be considered when attempting to elucidate response mechanisms to environmental changes in non-honeybee species.

The Phenotypic Effects of Royal Jelly on Wild-Type D. melanogaster Are Strain-Specific