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Background  Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a stress inducible hepatokine, is synthesized in the liver and plays important roles in glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the mechanism of hepatic cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor-mediated induction of FGF21 gene expression is largely unknown.    Results  Activation of the hepatic CB1 receptor by arachidonyl-2’-chloroethylamide (ACEA), a CB1 receptor selective agonist, significantly increased  FGF21  gene expression. Overexpression of estrogen-related receptor (ERR) γ increased  FGF21  gene expression and secretion both in hepatocytes and mice, whereas knockdown of ERRγ decreased ACEA-mediated  FGF21  gene expression and secretion. Moreover, ERRγ, but not ERRα and ERRβ, induced  FGF21  gene promoter activity. In addition, deletion and mutation analysis of the  FGF21  promoter identified a putative ERRγ-binding motif (AGGTGC, a near-consensus response element). A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed direct binding of ERRγ to the  FGF21  gene promoter. Finally, GSK5182, an ERRγ inverse agonist, significantly inhibited hepatic CB1 receptor-mediated  FGF21  gene expression and secretion.    Conclusion  Based on our data, we conclude that ERRγ plays a key role in hepatic CB1 receptor-mediated induction of  FGF21  gene expression and secretion.

The Orphan Nuclear Receptor ERRγ Regulates Hepatic CB1 Receptor-Mediated Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Gene Expression