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Background  An aberrant metabolic activity or a compositional alteration of the gut microbiota has been proposed as a factor that makes us more prone to disease. Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h  in vitro  fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic  in vitro  model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. Metabolically, arabinogalactan fermentation showed a higher production of propionate when compared to  n -butyrate in the obese microbiota fermentations. In general, lean microbiota produced more  n -butyrate from the fermentation of both substrates when compared to the obese microbiota. Furthermore, the obese microbiota extracted more energy from the fermentation of both fibers.    Results  Compositionally, bacteria belonging to  Gemmiger, Dorea, Roseburia, Alistipes, Lactobacillus  and  Bifidobacterium  genera were found to be highly abundant or stimulated by the prebiotics in the lean microbiota suggesting a potential role in leanness. Furthermore, a significant correlation between known butyrogenic strains including  B. adolescentis , an unclassified  Bifidobacterium  and  F. prausnitzii  with this metabolite in the fermentation of inulin in both microbiotas was found.    Conclusions  Although supplementary  in vivo  studies are needed, the current study provides more evidence for the consumption of specific ingredients with the aim of modulating the gut microbiota in the context of obesity.

The Gut Microbiota from Lean and Obese Subjects Contribute Differently to the Fermentation of Arabinogalactan and Inulin