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Aim of this study was the retrospective investigation of viral (porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), torque teno sus virus type 1 and 2 (TTSuV1, TTSuV2)) and bacterial ( Bordetella bronchiseptica  ( B .  b .),  Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae  ( M .  h .), and  Pasteurella multocida  ( P .  m .)) co-infections in 110  Pneumocystis  spp. positive lung samples of Austrian pigs with pneumonia. Fifty-one % were positive for PCV2, 7% for PRRSV, 22% for TTSuV1, 48% for TTSuV2, 6% for  B .  b ., 29% for  M .  h ., and 21% for  P .  m . In 38.2% only viral, in 3.6% only bacterial and in 40.0% both, viral and bacterial pathogens were detected. In 29.1% of the cases a co-infection with 1 pathogen, in 28.2% with 2, in 17.3% with 3, and in 7.3% with 4 different infectious agents were observed. The exposure to  Pneumocystis  significantly decreased the risk of a co-infection with PRRSV in weaning piglets; all other odds ratios were not significant. Four categories of results were compared: I =  P . spp. + only viral co-infectants, II =  P . spp. + both viral and bacterial co-infectants, III =  P . spp. + only bacterial co-infectants, and IV =  P . spp. single infection. The evaluation of all samples and the age class of the weaning piglets resulted in a predomination of the categories I and II. In contrast, the suckling piglets showed more samples of category I and IV. In the group of fattening pigs, category II predominated. Suckling piglets can be infected with  P . spp. early in life. With increasing age this single infections can be complicated by co-infections with other respiratory diseases.

Retrospective Analysis of Bacterial and Viral Co-Infections in Pneumocystis spp. Positive Lung Samples of Austrian Pigs with Pneumonia