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Background  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of mortality and loss of disability-adjusted life years in developed countries. This study derived a dietary pattern using an  a priori  method and additionally derived dietary patterns using  a posteriori  methods, and assessed the relationship with CVD risk factors in Taiwanese middle-aged and elderly adults.    Methods  Cross-sectional analyses of 62,965 subjects aged 40 years and above from the Mei Jau (MJ) database collected between 2003 and 2012 in Taiwan. Diet was assessed using a 22 item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Using this information, three dietary patterns were generated. The  a priori  diet was labeled the Taiwanese dietary pattern and was derived using hypothesized effect of 22 food groups, while two  a posteriori  dietary patterns, “vegi-fruits” and “meat-processed”, were derived using principal component analysis. The association between dietary patterns and a range of CVD risk factors (i.e. blood lipids, blood glucose and C-reactive protein) was evaluated using linear regression.    Results  The results showed that high intake (Q5, quintile 5) of Taiwanese diet was negatively associated with CVD risk factors at ( p  < 0.001, model 3), but not with triacylglycerol. In addition, high intake of vegi-fruit dietary pattern (Q5) was negatively associated with CVD risk factors ( p  < 0.001), but not with high-density lipoprotein, while high consumption of meat-processed dietary pattern (Q5) was positively associated with CVD risk factors ( p  < 0.001), but negatively related with triacylglycerol in Q3 level and no association with C-reactive protein.    Conclusion  A negative association was observed between Taiwanese or vegi-fruit dietary patterns and CVD risk factors, while a positive association was found between meat-processed dietary pattern and CVD risk factors. The findings suggested that a diet rich in vegetables and fruits has a beneficial effect in the management of CVD risk factors.

plos one

Association between Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults in Taiwan: A Population-Based Study from 2003 to 2012